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binwalkВ works by recognizing file formats inside the binary firmware a.k.a. We use the usual firmware analysis tool binwalkВ as detailed by Exodus Intel, Silent Signal and the RiskSense article noted earlier. The asa*.binВ files are a proprietary format and we donвЂ™t need to understand it all for now. The first step is to extract interesting files from the firmware. If you do so, you should check the MD5 against CiscoвЂ™s website to avoid any backdoor or hilarity. You might have to dig through a few different results to flesh out your collection, though.

Note that many firmware files can be found on your favorite search engine with some smart pattern matching.

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You can refer to introductory article of our blog series for an idea as to what the naming conventions of these firmware files indicates. For instance, you can get 32-bit firmware for an ASA5505, 64-bit firmware for an ASA 5512-X or 64-bit firmware for ASA GNS3.

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Collecting firmwareД¬isco allows you to download firmware files from their official website if you have bought a router with a specific license. If you want to have a summary of these tools, you can go to the end of this article. It also describes a small collection of Python and bash scripts we are releasing to help automate some of this process and ease the handling of a large corpus of firmware files. This post explains the general approach of manually extracting and repacking firmware files. Note that some similar automated target analysis and retrieval from linaВ was done by RiskSense in their work related to adding 9.x targets to the Equation Group EXTRABACON exploit. We did most of our analysis on a collection of approximately 170 Cisco firmware files ranging from 8.0.x to 9.7.x. Most importantly, we needed to mine exploit targets for both CVE-2016-1287 and CVE-2016-6366 and to apply patches or changes to specific versions prior to booting. If you havenвЂ™t already, we recommend that you read the introduction articleВ prior to this one.Дuring our research, we ended up wanting to analyse a large number of Cisco ASA firmware files. This article is part of a series of blog posts.